Contributing Factors for Low Birth Weight among Newborns in a Maternity Hospital, Kathmandu

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Its causes are multifactorial and not yet fully understood. Early identification and management of maternal and environmental risk factors can help reduce the incidence and consequences of LBW. This study aimed to identify contributing factors of LBW among newborns delivered at a tertiary maternity hospital in Nepal.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, among 129 postnatal mothers (43 cases and 86 controls) selected using a consecutive sampling for cases and simple random sampling for control. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a validated structured questionnaire and antenatal chart review. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The LBW was associated with included short birth interval (<24 months) (p 0.044), severe nausea and vomiting (p 0.002), non-consumption of folic acid (p  0.027), non-consumption of calcium supplements (p 0.027), consumption of tobacco (p 0.006) and exposure to active or passive smoking (p 0.004). Preterm birth  and inadequate daytime rest had strong association with LBW (p values <0.001)

Conclusions: Preterm birth and inadequate daytime rest are the strong contributors for LBW. These findings highlight the importance of timely and comprehensive prenatal monitoring to prevent preterm deliveries as well as addressing these factors through targeted maternal health interventions to reduce the prevalence of low birth weight in Nepal.