A Case Report of Steven Johnson Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Mucosal involvement and extensive epidermal detachment are hallmarks of the uncommon but severe mucocutaneous reaction known as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS). SJS is triggered primarily by medications or infections. It presents a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid onset and potential for life-threatening complications. T lymphocyte-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions are a key component of the pathophysiology, which is a complex interaction of immunological systems, genetic predisposition, and environmental variables. A painful rash that appears suddenly and causes extensive mucosal lesions are the typical clinical signs, which precede prodromal symptoms. The mitigation of systemic consequences through early recognition, quick withdrawal of the offending agent, and supportive care are essential components of management. Increased rates of morbidity and mortality are still linked to SJS, even with treatment advances.

Case presentation: A case of a 65-year-old female patient with a known case of Type 2 Diabetes mellites presented to the hospital with an abrupt onset of fever, rashes all over the body, photophobia, conjunctival itching, burning, eyelids, swollen lips and dysphagia. The reaction was evoked after the intake of the Tablet Phenytoin. She was treated in the ICU with general measures along with corticosteroids and antibiotics. Here, we describe a very rare case where phenytoin is implicated in causing SJS.

Conclusion: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by a prodromal illness followed by severe mucocutaneous symptoms. Early detection, timely intervention, and multidisciplinary management can be done to reduce the effects of this potentially fatal syndrome.