Investigation on the Status and Influential Factors of Cognitive Function of Elderly People in Lalitpur

Abstract

Background
Cognitive function comprises essential mental processes that enable individuals to perceive, learn, remember, and adapt to their environment. With the rapid growth of the global elderly population (aged ≥65 years), maintaining cognitive health has become an important public health concern. This study aimed to assess the cognitive status of elderly individuals in the Lalitpur district of Nepal and to identify factors influencing cognitive function.

Method
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 randomly selected elderly respondents (both males and females) from Ward No. 8 of Lalitpur district. Socio-demographic characteristics and cognitive status were assessed using a structured questionnaire and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Result
The mean MoCA score of respondents was 20.87 ± 5.22. Overall, 78.17% of the elderly population demonstrated cognitive impairment (MoCA score < 26). Cognitive function was found to be significantly associated with age, sex, level of education, and engagement in physical exercise.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was observed among elderly individuals in Lalitpur district. Interventions targeting modifiable factors particularly education and physical activity along with gender-sensitive strategies may help reduce cognitive decline among aging populations in Nepal.